This article possibly contains. Please by the claims made and adding. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (October 2011) An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in, normally at a.
These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including, and, often alongside other, and. The most common is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.
In the US or in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual. See also: In many countries degrees may only be awarded by institutions authorised to do so by the national or regional government. Frequently governments will also regulate the use of university in names of businesses.
This approach is followed, for example, by Australia and the United Kingdom. The use of fake degrees by individuals, either obtained from a bogus institution or simply invented, is often covered by laws.
Indicating earned degrees Depending on culture and the degree earned, degrees may be indicated by a, a choice of either, or not indicated at all. In countries influenced by the UK, post-nominal letters are the norm, with only doctorates granting a title, while titles are the norm in many northern European countries. Depending on the culture and the purpose of the listing, only the highest degree, a selection of degrees, or all degrees might be listed. The awarding institution may also be shown, and it might be specified if a degree was at level, particularly where the honours degree is a separate qualification from the ordinary bachelor's degree. For member institutions of the, there is a standard list of abbreviations for university names given in the Commonwealth Universities Yearbook, but in practice many variations are used and the Yearbook notes that the abbreviations used may not match those used by the universities concerned.
For some British universities it is traditional to use Latin abbreviations, notably 'Oxon' and 'Cantab' for the Universities of and respectively, in spite of these having been superseded by English 'Oxf' and 'Camb' in official university usage, particularly in order to distinguish the from an earned MA. Other Latin abbreviations commonly used include 'Cantuar' for (awarded by the ), 'Dunelm' for, 'Ebor' for the and 'Exon' for the. The and the have abbreviations that are the same in English and Latin. (See for a more complete list and discussion of abbreviations for British universities.) Confusion can result from universities sharing similar names, e.g.
The in the UK and in Canada, or in the UK and the in Australia. In this case, the convention is to include a country abbreviation with the university's name. For example, 'York (Can.)' and 'York (UK)' or 'Newc (UK)' and 'Newc (Aus.) are commonly used to denote degrees conferred by these universities where the potential for confusion exists, and institution names are given in this form in the Commonwealth Universities Yearbook. Abbreviations used for degrees vary between countries and institutions, e.g. MS indicates in the US and places following American usage, but in the UK and most Commonwealth countries, where the standard abbreviation for Master of Science is MSc.
Common abbreviations include BA and MA for and, BS/BSc and MS/MSc for and, MD for, and PhD for. Online degree. Main article: An online degree is an academic degree (usually a college degree, but sometimes the term includes high school diplomas and non-degree certificate programs) that can be earned primarily or entirely on a basis through the use of an Internet-connected computer, rather than attending college in a traditional campus setting. Improvements in technology, the increasing use of the Internet worldwide, and the need for people to have flexible school schedules that enable them to work while attending school have led to a proliferation of online colleges that award associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.
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Degree systems by regions Asia Bangladesh, India and Pakistan Bangladesh, India and Pakistan mostly follow the system for classification of degrees. The arts, referring to the performing arts and literature, have the corresponding degrees: Bachelor of Arts (BA) and the Master of Arts (MA).
Management degrees are also classified under 'Arts' but is nowadays considered a major new stream, Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) and Master Of Business Administration (MBA). Science referring to the basic sciences and natural science (Biology, Physics, Chemistry etc.) the corresponding degree are Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) and its master is called Master of Science (M.Sc.). Another new set of Information Technology degree conferred specially in the field of computer science, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (B.Sc.IT.) and Master of Science in Information Technology (M.Sc.IT.). The engineering degrees in India follow two same patterns, (B.E.) and (B.Tech.). Both represents bachelor's degree in engineering. Resident evil 6 movie in hindi free download 3gp.
In Pakistan, engineering degrees are (B.E.) and (B.S./B.Sc. Both are same in curriculum, duration and pattern where as B.Tech. Degree holders are considered as in Pakistan. The engineering degree in Bangladesh is (B.Sc. Medical Degree – (MBBS), Dental Degree – (BDS), Computer Application Degree – (BCA) and (MCA). Sri Lanka as many other commonwealth countries follow the British system with its own distinctions. Degrees are approved by the.
Bca Purchase Planning Handbook Templates
Africa Tunisia Grading in Tunisia is done on a scale of 0-20. The passing grade is 10 out of 20 which is 50% of the complete mark; 20. This grading system is used from middle-school up to university level. A PhD thesis is even graded out of 20. To get ahead on the academic ladder, one is strictly assessed numerically. That is; if you are a BA holder applying for an MA program you will be admitted according to how high your grades were during your undergraduate years. See also: In Italy access to university is possible after gaining the di at 19 years of age, following 5 years of study in a specific high school focused on certain subjects (e.g.
Liceo classico focused on classical subjects, including philosophy, ancient Greek and Latin; liceo scientifico focused on scientific subjects such as, and but also including philosophy, ancient Latin and Italian Literature; liceo linguistico focused on Foreign Languages and Literature; istituto tecnico focused on practical and theoretical subjects such as, and ). After gaining the diploma one can enter university and enrol in any curriculum (e.g. Physics, medicine, chemistry, engineering, architecture): all high school diplomas allow access to any university curriculum, although most universities have pre-admission tests.
In 2011, Italy introduced a qualifications framework, known as the Quadro dei Titoli Italiani (QTI), tied to the three cycles of the. This tied together in a three-level system both the new qualifications introduced as part of the Bologna process and the older, pre-Bologna qualifications, and covers qualifications from university institutions and higher education institutions for fine arts, music and dance (AFAM institutions). In addition to academic degrees, many professional qualifications are tied to the QTI at the different levels. The first level, tied to the first cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the (bachelor's degree) in universities, and the Diploma accademico di primo livello in AFAM institutions. The older qualifications mapped to this level are the Diploma universitario and the Diploma di scuole dirette a fini speciali (SDAFS) from universities, and the Diploma di Conservatorio, Diploma di Istituto Musicale Pareggiato, Diploma dell'Accademia di Belle Arti, Diploma dell'Istituto Superiore delle Industrie Artistiche (ISIA), Diploma dell'Accademia Nazionale di Danza and Diploma dell'Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica from AFAM institutions. The laurea is obtained after three years of study (180 ECTS credits), and gives the academic title of dottore; the older university qualifications at this level took two to three years, with three year courses granting the title of dottore.
The second level, tied to the second cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the Laurea magistrale and the laurea specialistica in university institutions and the Diploma accademico di secondo livello in AFAM institutions. The old Diploma di laurea is mapped to this level.
The Laurea magistrale and the laurea specialistica are obtained after two further years of study (120 ECTS credits), and give the academic title of dottore magistrale. The old Diploma di laurea took four to six years but was accessed directly from school, with a possible reduction by one year for those with a related diploma, and also granted the title of dottore magistrale. The third level, tied to the third cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the Dottorato di ricerca in university institutions and the Diploma accademico di formazione alla ricerca in AFAM institutions. The old Dottorato di ricerca and Diploma di specializzazione are tied to this level. The Dottorato di ricerca, under both new and old systems, takes a minimum of three years after the laurea magistralie/specialistica and gives the academic titles of Dottore di Ricerca (Dott.
Ric.) and PhD. The old Diploma di specializzazione took two to six years and gave the academic title of Specialista. Universities in Italy offer a number of other qualifications including the Master universitario di primo livello (1 year/60 ECTS credits, 2nd cycle qualification) and the Master universitario di secondo livello (1 year/60 ECTS credits, 3rd cycle qualification), following on from the laurea and the laurea magistrale/specialistica respectively.
These do not give access to the PhD. The Diploma di specializzazione, which is offered in a few specific professions, takes two to six years and gives the title of specialista. The Diploma di perfezionamento is a university certificate, aimed at professional training or in specific study fields, which usually takes one year; it is not allocated a level on the framework. AFAM institutions may offer Diploma di perfezionamento o Master and Diploma accademico di specializzazione. These are one year and two year qualifications respectively and may be offered at second cycle or third cycle level, distinguished by adding (I) or (II) after the qualification name.
Higher Schools for Language Mediators offer the Diploma di mediatore linguistico, a first cycle degree taking three years (180 ECTS credits), which gives access to the laurea specialistica. Specialisation Institutes/Schools in Psychoterapy offer the Diploma di specializzazione in psicoterapia, a third cycle qualification taking at least four years and requiring a laurea magistrale/specialistica in either Psychology or Medicine and Surgery, along with professional registration. Netherlands. Spanish Official University Education Legal Framework 02 1.2 Non-official education.
Not all EHEA compliant study programmes in Spain are officially approved and/or accredited by government agencies. Some universities offer proprietary study programmes as an alternative to accredited study programmes for a variety of reasons: attending the continuing education market for individual self-advancement and also providing higher education to individuals that have failed to acquire bachelor's degree qualifications. The main reason for offering this alternative studies, though, is the heavy bureaucratic process that needs to be accomplished to receive the approval of specific titles, in particular when it refers to new studies or studies about matters that do not fit with the official studies. For historical reasons, the academic system has been very much under the control of the State, and private universities are still regarded with as a threat to the State system. These programmes fall within the category of 'Non officially approved and accredited' or ' Estudios no oficiales' and they have no academic or professional effects.
This means that they do not entitle the bearer to claim to have any specific academic or professional qualifications, as far as the Spanish authorities are concerned. However, there may be private agreements to recognize the titles. Main article: The (AQF) covers 10 levels, of which 6 – 10 correspond to academic degrees. These are the (level 6), which normally takes 2 years, the (level 7), which normally takes 3 years, the (level 8), which normally takes 4 years, the master degree (level 9), which normally takes 1 – 2 years for 'research' or 'coursework' degrees and 3 – 4 years for an 'extended' degree and follows on from either a bachelor or honours degree, and the (level 10), which normally takes 3 – 4 years following on from a master's degree. Also included within the higher education system are and, both of which are at level 8 (honours degree level), as well as advanced diplomas, at level 6 (associate degree level) and diplomas at level 5 (first year of a degree course). In Australia, most degrees are issued ungraded, with bachelor's degrees with honours being the exception.
Doctorates in Australia may be research doctorates (normally titled ) or professional doctorates (normally titled to refer to the field of practice, e.g. Professional doctorates still require research leading to 'a significant and original contribution to knowledge in the context of professional practice' and should not be confused with extended master's degrees that bear similar names for historical reasons: the and Doctors of Medical Practice, Physiotherapy, Dentistry and Optometry. Despite their names, these extended master's degrees may not be described as doctoral degrees nor do they confer the right to use the title of doctor on their recipients. Some bachelor's degrees (e.g. Bachelor of Engineering or Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery) may take longer than three years to complete, and double bachelor's degrees (i.e. Completing two bachelor's degrees simultaneously in four to five years) are common.
New Zealand. Main article: Like Australia, New Zealand has a 10-level qualifications framework (the New Zealand Qualifications Framework; NZQF), and a referencing exercise has found a one-to-one correspondence between the levels of the two frameworks. However, the names given to qualifications at different levels are not the same and New Zealand does not have associate degrees, thus only levels 7 – 10 correspond to academic degrees. These are the (level 7), (level 8), (level 9) and the (level 10). In addition to these, the NZQF has certificates across levels 1 – 6, diplomas at levels 5 and 6, and at level 7 (bachelor's), and and at level 8 (honours).
Another referencing exercise, comparing the NZQF to the 10-level Irish National Framework for Qualifications found that degrees were comparable but that further work was needed to improve compatibility for the sub-degree levels (1 – 6). Non-degree qualifications at levels 7 – 9 were not included in the study. In New Zealand, master's degrees may be awarded with classified honours (1st, 2:1, 2:2, 3rd), or with distinction or merit.
South America Argentina. , ABA, ABS, AOS, AS, and (Australia), Associate in Specialized Technology AST , or, or, or, or, or, or or, or, or or or or or, or, or, (Oxon), (Oxon), degrees:, Access related topics. Find out more on Wikipedia's. from Commons. from Wikidata.
Starting an airline is tough. Running a profitable airline is even tougher. From startup airlines to established industry leaders, the process involves constant learning and adaptation.
Few businesses have as many variables and challenges as airlines. They are capital-intensive. Competition is fierce.
Airlines are fossil fuel dependent and often at the mercy of fuel price volatility. Operations are labor intensive and subject to government control and political influence. And a lot depends on the weather.
But the intrepid entrepreneur is not alone. The StartupBoeing team assists entrepreneurs in launching new airlines. From concept through launch, StartupBoeing offers guidance, review, analysis, data, resources, contacts, and referrals to qualified startup airlines. For further questions or dialogue, please e-mail us.
Startup airlines must be aware of and operate within a framework of regulations, standards and guidelines. Included here is basic information on some of the primary international agreements and programs that shape the operating environment for commercial aviation. Learn about the ',' a set of international rights that allow a country's airlines to enter the airspace of another country or land there. Find out more about, or Extended Operations, a collaborative industry/government program allowing airplanes to fly routes with longer diversion times. Successful startup airlines begin with a sound business plan.
This detailed planning document typically includes:. Analysis of the market and competition. Brand positioning. Description of the business and opportunity. Details about the operation. Management team biographies. Discussion of risks and obstacles.
Pro forma financial statements/projections. Capitalization plan. Brand development. Implementation strategy. The business plan is the fundamental starting point for working effectively with theStartupBoeing consulting team. StartupBoeing provides free review services of the business plan and corresponding financials.
We offer constructive suggestions, question assumptions, and challenge the entrepreneur to prove the concept just as prospective investors might. For entrepreneurs requiring assistance in preparing the plan itself, StartupBoeing can suggest advisors worldwide who specialize in such services.
The Structural Plan offers a conceptual sense of the necessary steps in launching an airline from idea through launch. Provides a list of important questions to consider when writing the business plan. Provides a list of steps to take to position your emerging brand based on your market analysis and a need to differentiate from existing competitors. Structuring the Plan is a tool for capturing many of the important elements for successfully starting and operating an airline. While it is not a comprehensive structure for all airline concepts, it can serve as a starting framework for a business plan. Boeing Converted Freighters.
Airplane Support Visit to learn more about Boeing global customer support, including spares & logistics support, maintenance and engineering services, fleet enhancements and modifications, and flight operations support. The assists the aviation community to address their airport-related issues regarding our airplanes, providing Boeing and McDonnell Douglas commercial airplane product information needed to promote the continued and timely development of the world's airports.
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Boeing provides a variety of documents that provide. Sections within each document include airplane description, airplane performance, ground maneuvering, terminal servicing, operating conditions, and pavement data. Learn more about the used to carry cargo on-board large Boeing aircraft, including specific designations, dimensions, descriptions and visuals. View a glossary of. Selecting the optimal airplane based on market, network plan, traffic estimates, interior layout, economics, and performance requirements is a good start. But now the airline entrepreneur must source the airplane.
Decisions must be made about lease-versus-buy and new-versus-used. Airplane availability may be a challenge. Such factors may drive the airplane selection or even change the business model. Financing An important first step in sourcing the airplane is to consider. The two most common methods of financing airplanes are direct purchase and operating lease. New Airplane List Pricing Depending on current production line availability, financing, business plan, and desired launch date, a startup airline may consider purchasing a new production airplane. See more about pricing.
Leasing New or Used Airplanes Boeing works with major airplane leasing companies worldwide. StartupBoeing is able to match qualified startup airlines with Boeing's leasing partners. Lease Rates Boeing does not regularly track airplane market lease rates. However, a range of lease rates can be provided to qualified startup airlines.
Through, qualified startup airlines can be matched with third party sellers/lessors of used airplanes. Third Party Used Airplanes Through Boeing's internal Trading Floor, qualified startup airlines can be matched with third party sellers/lessors of used airplanes. Other sources of used airplane availability include:. Services Boeing offers startup airlines the industry’s largest portfolio of commercial aviation support and services essential for running a successful airline.
Through startup operators have access to everything from training and interior modifications to aircraft maintenance and high-tech enhancements. The following solutions are available to suit your specific startup plans and requirements. Maintenance & Parts Solutions Boeing’s Maintenance and Part solutions help you to manage maintenance, modification, repair, overhaul and upgrades of your fleet while simplifying your supply chain. One of the services most applicable to a new airline is Global Fleet Care. Boeing’s Global Fleet Care gives you the most comprehensive maintenance program available.
Global Fleet Care can:. Help a new entrant operator conserve startup maintenance program capital. Provide a competitive hourly maintenance rate that reduces airline staffing requirements. Include initial parts provisioning. Supply engineering services.
Provide 24/7 Customer Support and Airplane Health Monitoring Flight Operations Solutions Boeing’s Flight Operations Solutions provide full flight operations support that is scalable to grow as your airline expands and your operational complexity increases. From pilot training to start of operations and beyond, our suite of products will provide the highest quality tools for your crews to deliver an efficient flight operation. Services most applicable to a new airline:. Flight Planning. Charts and Navigation.
Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). Pilot training and Simulator. Performance Planning Boeing Aviation Consultants Boeing’s staff of experienced airline and consulting professionals can advise and assist with all activities associated with a new entrant airline. Whether you are starting a new airline with Boeing aircraft, adding your first Boeing aircraft to your existing fleet, or you are new to maintaining Boeing aircraft, we have the products, services, and information resources needed to get you off the ground and keep you flying. Relationship Creating a business relationship with Boeing can provide access to:. Parts.
Drawings. Documents. Boeing expertise. Support services needed for the introduction, operation and maintenance of your aircraft What do you need?
If you are a Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) or repair station, please see the. In order to obtain Boeing goods and services, it will be necessary to enter into an agreement with Boeing and set-up an account. To begin the account set-up process, complete and submit a. This questionnaire must be completed and submitted electronically. Upon receipt of the completed questionnaire and based upon the information you submit, Boeing will:. Start the process of establishing an account so your company can do business with Boeing.
Assign your company a Boeing customer code which will identify your company within Boeing for future business transactions. Identify you as the owner, operator, or lessee of the aircraft. Offer you a Customer Services General Terms Agreement (CSGTA) and its supplemental agreements:. Supplemental Agreement for Electronic Access (SA-EA).
Supplemental Agreement for Electronic Enabling (SA-eE). Provide you with certain documents at no charge when the CSGTA and its supplements are signed and appropriate insurance is obtained.
Access to Boeing Part Page Boeing Material Services offers the advantage of buying from the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Boeing also provides customers with access to the aftermarket for a wider breadth of resources to locate hard-to-find parts. From single transactions to supply chain management, Boeing provides you with the right part, at the right place, at the right time.
For more access information, please contact. Intellectual Property Management - Licensing Questionnaire Aircraft owner/operators and third-party service providers have particular needs for OEM products and services as they support the industry.
These products and services may require the use of information that is created during the development and certification of Boeing products. Comments from the industry have helped us to establish a set of Intellectual Property licensing standards that address specific requirements and establish a fair and consistent fee structure for the use of the information developed.
Customer Services General Terms Agreement (CSGTA) The Customer Services General Terms Agreement (CSGTA) incorporates articles applicable to various Boeing products and services into a blanket-type agreement so that, once in place, only unique terms and conditions need to be negotiated when a customer requires a specific product or service. The benefits of this approach are:. Faster responses to requests from customers for products and services. A reduction in resources and effort needed to implement and manage all Customer Support related agreements for both customer and Boeing. Some examples of the products and services covered by the CSGTA are lease of parts and tools, purchase of spare parts and standards, retrofit kit changes, repair, modification, technical assistance/consulting, training services and technical data. Two Supplemental Agreements are associated with the CSGTA.
The Supplemental Agreement to the CSGTA for Electronic Access (SA-EA) incorporates articles specific to granting you electronic access to Boeing goods and services, specifically technical data available on MyBoeingFleet.com. Alvin taylor serial killer. The Supplemental Agreement to the CSGTA for Electronic Enabling (SA-eE) incorporates articles specific to software licensing. Part 125 Airplane Operating Certificate (AOC) To apply for a part 125 AOC you will need to provide certain documents to your regulatory agency such as the Maintenance Planning Document (MPD), Quick Reference Handbook (QRH), and Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM). Our business operations group will help you get access to these documents on a temporary basis to help you with your AOC application. MyBoeingFleet (MBF) is Boeing's secure internet portal, providing authorized customers with access to the industry's most comprehensive range of support products and services for Boeing commercial aircraft.
Aircraft owners and operators - as well as maintenance providers, leasing companies, regulatory agencies and other third party service providers - use MyBoeingFleet to order parts, collaborate with Boeing experts, and obtain essential information such as drawings, documentation, manuals, and operational data and procedures. Owner/operators and licensed maintenance providers can also access productivity solutions such as Maintenance Performance Toolbox and Airplane Health Management.
Benefits Enrollment for 2018 is Closed Norman employees visit for more information. HSC employees visit for more information. New Electronic Freeze Form (Norman Programs) As of July 1, Norman departments can use the to submit a hiring freeze exemption form. Paper forms will be accepted until January 2018, but the electronic version is the preferred form. Note: For the best experience with the electronic form, use Chrome as your browser. Deadline on Hold for Overtime Eligibility Rule The updated federal overtime rule, which was scheduled to take effect on December 1, 2016, has been delayed because a federal judge put a hold on the deadline while the regulation is further reviewed.
Coverage: 1997 - present Full Text: Complete Good to Know. To print an article, use the 'Print This Article' icon located above the article title, rather than the browser print function.
Items with green check marks, and some AWIN Features, are included with the Hunt Library's subscription. Register for an optional MyAWIN account to create a personalized profile and display page. Search Tips.
To perform a basic search, enter desired terms in the Enter Keyword(s) box. Enclose terms in quotation marks to search for exact phrases: 'alternative fuels'. Click the Articles link to the right of the phrase 'Advanced Searches' to perform searches with more options. Click the World Aerospace Database link to locate company profiles.
Click the Fleet link to locate fleet data by airline, aircraft type, country, and other categories. Click on one of the categories along the top of the page (Commercial Aviation, Defense, etc.) to display featured and recent articles on those topics. Use the quick access options in the menu on the left side of the page to view specific journals or categories.
Coverage: 1997 - present Full Text: Complete Good to Know. To print an article, use the 'Print This Article' icon located above the article title, rather than the browser print function. Items with green check marks, and some AWIN Features, are included with the Hunt Library's subscription.
Register for an optional MyAWIN account to create a personalized profile and display page. Search Tips.
To perform a basic search, enter desired terms in the Enter Keyword(s) box. Enclose terms in quotation marks to search for exact phrases: 'alternative fuels'. Click the Articles link to the right of the phrase 'Advanced Searches' to perform searches with more options. Click the World Aerospace Database link to locate company profiles. Click the Fleet link to locate fleet data by airline, aircraft type, country, and other categories. Click on one of the categories along the top of the page (Commercial Aviation, Defense, etc.) to display featured and recent articles on those topics.
Use the quick access options in the menu on the left side of the page to view specific journals or categories.
ELECTRONICALLY REPRINTED FROM MAY 2014 AviationWeek.com/bca Purchase Planning Handbook //SUCCESS BREEDS SUCCESS. //SUCCESS BREEDS SUCCESS.
› With 20% of the fleet committed and over 30,000 hours flown, the 400XTi has redefined the light-jet category. › Following this global success, we have reimagined the turbo prop with the Nextant G90XT.
› With 20% of the fleet committed and over 30,000 hours flown, the 400XTi has redefined › Both backed bythe a global product support network. Light-jet category. › Following this global success, we have reimagined the turbo prop with the Nextant G90XT. › Both backed by a global product support network.
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